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Data analysis
Data analysis add-ons offer a wide range of capabilities, ranging from analytical methods over comprehensive analysis to assay workflows and statistical process control.
Biological Assay Package
Use the Biological Assay Package for potency analysis of biological assays. The add-on comes equipped with a highly flexible test system to qualify your assay. You can perform combination calculations to obtain the reportable value from independent assay runs and use historic assay data to develop equivalence margins.
Reference information
Find reference information on the document types of the Biological Assay Package add-on.
Document elements
Find reference information on the document elements in the document types of the Biological Assay Package add-on.
E–L
Find reference information on document elements of the Dose-Response Analysis Package, letters E to L.
Lower margin

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Get an overview of PLA 3.0, the end-to-end bioassay analysis software. Learn about its ongoing improvements and version updates, and discover the available trial options.
Key concepts
Learn how the key concepts of PLA 3.0 form the structural foundation for your daily work, supporting method development from initial design to routine production.
Data analysis
Data analysis add-ons offer a wide range of capabilities, ranging from analytical methods over comprehensive analysis to assay workflows and statistical process control.
- Biological Assay Package
  Use the Biological Assay Package for potency analysis of biological assays. The add-on comes equipped with a highly flexible test system to qualify your assay. You can perform combination calculations to obtain the reportable value from independent assay runs and use historic assay data to develop equivalence margins.
  - Installation
    Find details on the system requirements for the Biological Assay Package add-on and the steps to install the add-on in your environment.
  - Basic bioassay protocol
    Use Basic bioassay protocol documents to set up a workflow for producing reportable values from multiple independent assay runs. Organize complex methods, retest scenarios, and report several products in a single assay.
  - Combination of assay results
    Use Combination of assay results documents to perform combination calculations for independent assay runs, thus obtaining reportable values for the potency.
  - Equivalence margin development
    Use Equivalence margin development documents to develop and verify test systems based on historic assays and apply these test systems in new development of quantitative response assays.
  - Quantitative response assays
    Use Quantitative response assay documents to calculate the potencies of test samples relative to an established standard. You can also use them to determine absolute potencies based on stock solutions or raw materials.
  - Test system definition
    Use Test system definition documents of the Biological Assay Package to define a collection of suitability tests and corresponding margins for Quantitative response assay documents.
  - Use case: Automate a bioassay workflow
    For some biological assays, determining relative potency within a single run is not sufficient. In these cases, you perform multiple individual assay runs and then combine the resulting data to obtain a more reliable final potency estimate. The challenge is to combine these individual results efficiently and reproducibly, particularly in regulated environments or when preparing for automated workflows.
  - Reference information
    Find reference information on the document types of the Biological Assay Package add-on.
    - Basic bioassay protocol documents
      Find details on the document structure of Basic bioassay protocol and access reference information on particular document elements.
    - Combination of assay results documents
      Find details on the document structure of Combination of assay results and access reference information on particular document elements.
    - Equivalence margin development documents
      Find details on the document structure of Equivalence margin development and access reference information on particular document elements.
    - Quantitative response assay documents
      Find details on the document structure of Quantitative response assay and access reference information on particular document elements.
    - Test system definition documents
      Find details on the document structure of Test system definition and access reference information on particular document elements.
    - Document elements
      Find reference information on the document elements in the document types of the Biological Assay Package add-on.
      - A–D
        Find reference information on document elements of the Dose-Response Analysis Package, letters A to D.
      - E–L
        Find reference information on document elements of the Dose-Response Analysis Package, letters E to L.
        Edit mode
        Equipment
        Equipment name
        Equipment reference
        Equivalence margin development (Quantitative response assays)
        Equivalence test: Difference of parameter estimates
        Equivalence test: Parameter estimate
        Equivalence test: Ratio of parameter estimates
        Equivalence test: Scaled parameter range
        Equivalence tests: Difference of parameter estimates
        Equivalence tests: Difference of parameter estimates
        Equivalence tests: Parameter estimate
        Equivalence tests: Parameter estimate
        Equivalence tests: Ratio of parameter estimates
        Equivalence tests: Ratio of parameter estimates
        Equivalence tests: Scaled parameter range
        Equivalence tests: Scaled parameter range
        Estimation by
        Evaluation condition
        Exact number of steps
        Exclude from analysis / invalid assay element
        Expected relative potency
        Extent of the test
        Extent of the test
        F-test (hypothesis test)
        File name
        First dose
        First response column
        Folder key
        Folder key
        Generator key
        Geometric sequence
        Graphics
        Group
        Group
        Group
        Groups
        Grubbs test
        Identification
        Ignore 50-percent response
        Import comment
        Import module identification
        Import time stamp
        Include 50-percent response
        Include control line
        Initial value
        Initial value
        Intercept (linear models)
        Intercept (linear models)
        Invert potency
        Key
        Key
        Key
        Label of the x-axis
        Label of the y-axis
        Linear sequence
        Linked document
        Logarithm base
        Logarithm base
        Logarithm base
        Logarithm type
        Logarithmic response transformation
        Lower asymptote (D) (nonlinear models)
        Lower asymptote (D) (nonlinear models)
        Lower margin
        Lower margin
        Lower margin
        Lower margin
        Lower margin (calculated value)
        Lower margin (manual input)
      - M–R
        Find reference information on document elements of the Dose-Response Analysis Package, letters M to R.
      - S–Z
        Find reference information on document elements of the Dose-Response Analysis Package, letters S to Z.
    - Digest of document properties for data aggregation
      Find a list of property keys available for data aggregation in the Biological Assay Package add-on.
- bioMérieux Endotoxin Detection Assay Package
  Use the bioMérieux Endotoxin Detection Assay Package add-on to perform endotoxin testing based on recombinant factor C (rFC), a synthetic alternative to naturally sourced reagents derived from horseshoe crabs, as offered by the bioMérieux company.
- Control Chart Package
  The Control Chart Package allows sophisticated statistical process control (for example, by plotting Shewhart I-Charts as recommended in the USP <1010>). It provides visualization options for intervals, subcharts and sidecharts, and allows you to define colors by a secondary characteristic. You can also define rules based on events and time frames.
- Dichotomous Assay Package
  Use the Dichotomous Assay Package to analyze biological assays based on quantal (binary) responses by fitting probit or logit models to estimate the potency of your samples.
- Dose-Response Analysis Package
  The Dose-Response Analysis Package provides various biostatistical methods for immunoassays, ELISA, and more. It supports you in investigating equivalence for calibration curves, provides enhanced data processing, and options for subgroup analysis.
- Microbial Assays for Antibiotics Package
  The Microbial Assays for Antibiotics Package for PLA 3.0 is your software for assessing the potency of antibiotics. This add-on supports various methods, that is, cylinder-plate, turbidimetric, and combination of microbial assays. It enables you to closely follow the guidelines laid out in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP <81>) and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP 4.02).
- Supporting add-ons
  Find details on add-ons that support and supplement data analysis add-ons.
Data import
Use data acquisition and data import add-ons to import external response values and observation data into PLA 3.0 for further processing and evaluation.
User interface
PLA 3.0 supports you in your daily work by providing a set of graphical and textual user interface elements. Learn about the different elements and how to use them efficiently.
Installation and update
Details on deployment, installation, and update of PLA 3.0, and its initial and advanced setup.
Licensing
Details on the licensing solution of PLA 3.0, the available licensing options, and the activation and management of licenses.
Administration
Details on system administration tasks such as setup and maintenance of databases and add-ons, user accounts, access rights, and migration and update procedures.
Regulatory compliance
PLA 3.0 supports you in achieving compliance with regulations such as ISPE GAMP^® 5 and 21 CFR Part 11. It also provides options to validate PLA 3.0 in your environment.
PDF downloads
Download PDF guides of current and previous framework and add-on versions.
Sample lab
Meet the team at Stegmann Labs, where PLA 3.0 plays an essential role in every step of bioassay management.
Glossary
Find definitions of terms.

Lower margin

Enter the Lower margin of the test as a positive integer. To pass the test, the observed value must be greater than or equal to the lower margin.

Note: The system permits equal values for upper and lower margin.

Please consult the help page of the test for additional information.


Data type	Multiplicity	Usage	Default value
xs:integer	0...1	optional	none

/Combination of independent assay results/Analysis/Suitability tests/alternatives/Test: Number of invalid assays/

/Combination of independent assay results/Analysis/Suitability tests/alternatives/Test: Number of valid assays/

Lower margin

This element has the following attributes: